매일매일 영어 그리고

The Old Man and The Sea 11

indosun — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 04:28:20 +0900

noose : 올가미

bail out : 퍼내다, 벗어나다

mast : 돛대

gill : dkrkal

harpoon shaft : 작살 화살촉

splice : 잇다, 붙이다

wallow : 뒹굴다, 젖어있다

bitt : 계주

aster : 배 뒤

periscope : 잠망경

saint : 성인

procession : 행렬, 줄

spur : 원동력이 되다, 박차

thwart : 좌절시키다

boom : 호황, 쾅하는 소리를 내다

gaff : 갈고리

cumulus : 적운

cirrus : 권운

disperse : 흩어지다

rip on : 들볶다

ram : 들이받다, 쑤셔넣다

thrust : 밀다, 찌르다, 요지

malignancy : 악성

plow over : 갈아엎다

taut : 팽팽한

mutilated : 훼손하다, 불구로 만들다

The Old Man and The Sea 10

indosun — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 04:21:14 +0900

bound : 꼭~할 것 같은

That was bound to come. 곧 닥칠 일이다

trade wind : 무역풍

scythe : 큰낫

dorsal fin : 등지느러미

pectoral : 가슴의, 흉근

swain : 사랑에 빠진 청년

dart off : 줄행랑치다

placid : 차분한, 잔잔한

harpoon : 작살

rig : 조작하다

bitt : 계주

noble : 웅장한

in flashes : 순간, 찰나

agony : 극도의 고통

barrel : 통, 질주하다

interminable : 끝없이 계속되는

shoal : 떼, 모래톱

5/24/24(Fri) Alice Munro, Canadian Nobel Prize-winning author, dies at 92

indosun — Thu, 30 May 2024 03:33:42 +0900

OTTAWA —
Nobel Prize-winning Canadian writer Alice Munro, whose exquisitely crafted tales of the loves, ambitions and travails of small-town women in her native land made her a globally acclaimed master of the short story, has died at the age of 92, her publisher said on Tuesday.

Munro died at her home in Port Hope, Ontario, said Kristin Cochrane, chief executive officer of McClelland & Stewart.

"Alice's writing inspired countless writers ... and her work leaves an indelible mark on our literary landscape," she said in a statement.

The Globe and Mail newspaper, citing family members, said Munro had died on Monday after suffering from dementia for at least a decade.

Munro published more than a dozen collections of short stories and was honored with the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013.

Her stories explored sex, yearning, discontent, aging, moral conflict and other themes in rural settings with which she was intimately familiar, the villages and farms in the Canadian province of Ontario. She was adept at fully developing complex characters within the limited pages of a short story.

"Alice Munro was a Canadian literary icon. For six decades, her short stories captivated hearts around Canada and the world," Canadian Heritage Minister Pascale St-Onge said on the X social media network.

Munro, who wrote about ordinary people with clarity and realism, was often likened to Anton Chekhov, the 19th century Russian known for his brilliant short stories, a comparison the Swedish Academy cited in honoring her with the Nobel Prize.

Calling her a "master of the contemporary short story," the Academy also said: "Her texts often feature depictions of everyday but decisive events, epiphanies of a kind, that illuminate the surrounding story and let existential questions appear in a flash of lightning."

In an interview with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation after winning the Nobel, Munro said, "I think my stories have gotten around quite remarkably for short stories, and I would really hope that this would make people see the short story as an important art, not just something that you played around with until you'd got a novel written."

Munro's works included "Dance of the Happy Shades" (1968), "Lives of Girls and Women" (1971), "Who Do You Think You Are?" (1978), "The Moons of Jupiter" (1982), "Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage" (2001), "Runaway" (2004), "The View from Castle Rock" (2006), "Too Much Happiness" (2009) and "Dear Life" (2012).

The characters in her stories were often girls and women who lead seemingly unexceptional lives but struggle with tribulations ranging from sexual abuse and stifling marriages to repressed love and the ravages of aging.

"Last month I reread all of Alice Munro's books. I felt the need to be close to her. Every time I read her is a new experience. Every time changes me. She will live forever," Canadian author Heather O'Neill said in a post on X.

Munro's story of a woman who starts losing her memory and agrees to enter a nursing home titled "The Bear Came Over the Mountain," from "Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage," was adapted into the Oscar-nominated 2006 film "Away From Her," directed by fellow Canadian Sarah Polley.

'Shame' a driving force of characters

Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood, writing in The Guardian after Munro won the Nobel, summarized her work by saying: "Shame and embarrassment are driving forces for Munro's characters, just as perfectionism in the writing has been a driving force for her: getting it down, getting it right, but also the impossibility of that. Munro chronicles failure much more often than she chronicles success, because the task of the writer has failure built in."

American novelist Jonathan Franzen wrote in 2005, "Reading Munro puts me in that state of quiet reflection in which I think about my own life: about the decisions I've made, the things I've done and haven't done, the kind of person I am, the prospect of death."

The short story, a style more popular in the 19th and early 20th century, has long taken a back seat to the novel in popular tastes and in attracting awards. But Munro was able to infuse her short stories with a richness of plot and depth of detail usually more characteristic of full-length novels.

"For years and years, I thought that stories were just practice, 'til I got time to write a novel. Then I found that they were all I could do and so I faced that. I suppose that my trying to get so much into stories has been a compensation," Munro told the New Yorker magazine in 2012.

Second Canadian to win Nobel

Munro was the second Canadian-born writer to win the Nobel literature prize but the first with a distinctly Canadian identity. Saul Bellow, who won in 1976, was born in Quebec but raised in the U.S. city of Chicago, Illinois, and was widely seen as an American writer.

Munro also won the Man Booker International Prize in 2009 and the Giller Prize — Canada's most high-profile literary award — twice.

Alice Laidlaw was born to a hard-pressed family of farmers on July 10, 1931, in Wingham, a small town in the region of southwestern Ontario that serves as the setting for many of her stories, and started writing in her teens.

She married James Munro in 1951 and moved to Victoria, British Columbia, where the two ran a bookstore. They had four daughters, one died just hours old, before divorcing in 1972. Afterward, Munro moved back to Ontario. Her second husband, geographer Gerald Fremlin, died in April 2013.

Vocabulary

travail : painful or laborious effort, 수고, 고통

indelible : making marks that cannot be removed, 지울 수 없는

decisive : 결정적인

epiphany : ①에피퍼니: 평범한 사건이나 경험을 통하여 직관적으로 진실의 전모를 파악하는 일. ②에피퍼니적인 작품[장면].

existential : 존재의

tribulation : a cause of great trouble or suffering, 시련, 고난

stifle : make (someone) unable to breathe properly; suffocate, 숨을 막다, 억누르다, 진압하다

repress : subdue (someone or something) by force, 억누르다

ravage : cause severe and extensive damage to, 파괴행위

infuse : fill; pervade, 주입하다, 우리다

profile : an outline of something, especially a person's face, as seen from one side, 외형, 윤곽, 측면

5/23/24(Thu) EU condemns Kosovo’s closure of Serbian banks

indosun — Thu, 30 May 2024 03:28:26 +0900

https://www.voanews.com/a/eu-condemns-kosovo-s-closure-of-serbian-banks/7620988.html

EU condemns Kosovo’s closure of Serbian banks

Bank closures resulted in the loss of all Serbian financial institutions in northern Kosovo

www.voanews.com

EU condemns Kosovo’s closure of Serbian banks

The European Union on Tuesday slammed Kosovo after police closed six branches of a Serbian-licensed bank on Monday, following the country’s ban on the Serbian dinar currency.

The bank closures resulted in the loss of all Serbian financial institutions in northern Kosovo.

"In the continued absence of sustainable alternatives, this will have negative effects on the daily lives and living conditions of Kosovo Serbs and other communities eligible for financial transfers from Serbia," EU spokesperson Peter Stano said in a statement.

Kosovo in February forced ethnic Serbian-dominated areas to adopt the euro, which is used in the rest of the country, heightening Serbia-Kosovo tensions.

Many Serbs in the country rely on financial assistance from the Serbian government, which delivers its support in dinars. Serbia also funds health, education and social security systems for Serbs in Kosovo.

Kosovo’s government said payments to ethnic Serbs are not prohibited and can be made in euros.

Kosovo Interior Minister Xhelal Svecla said the closures uphold the "rule of law and order," which their government has repeatedly pledged.

Stano said “Monday’s operation proves again that Kosovo authorities prioritize unilateral and uncoordinated actions rather than cooperation with its friends and allies.”

Kosovo was once a part of Serbia. It declared its independence in 2008, which Belgrade does not recognize.

The two sides have previously held talks but have not reached an agreement.

“The EU urges Kosovo and Serbia to return to the negotiations table,” Stano said.

Vocabulary

dinar : 이란·유고슬라비아·이라크·요르단·쿠웨이트·튀니지·리비아 등의 지폐[화폐].

Serb : 세르비아인[어](의).

uphold : confirm or support (something which has been questioned), 떠받치다, 지지하다, 후원하다

unilateral : performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another orthe others, 일방적인

uncoordinated : badly organized, 통합되지 않은, 서투른

belgrade : 벨그라드: 유고슬라비아의 수도; 세르비아어명 Beograd [beɔ́ːɡrɑːd].

5/22/24(Wed) Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning

indosun — Thu, 30 May 2024 03:24:33 +0900

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/11/1250529661/handwriting-cursive-typing-schools-learning-brain

Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning

Researchers are learning that handwriting engages the brain in ways typing can't match, raising questions about the costs of ditching this age-old practice, especially for kids.

www.npr.org

Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning

If you're like many digitally savvy Americans, it has likely been a while since you've spent much time writing by hand.

The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. Electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits that have undoubtedly boosted our productivity — imagine having to write all your emails longhand.

To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand.

But giving up this slower, more tactile way of expressing ourselves may come at a significant cost, according to a growing body of research that's uncovering the surprising cognitive benefits of taking pen to paper, or even stylus to iPad — for both children and adults.

In kids, studies show that tracing out ABCs, as opposed to typing them, leads to better and longer-lasting recognition and understanding of letters. Writing by hand also improves memory and recall of words, laying down the foundations of literacy and learning. In adults, taking notes by hand during a lecture, instead of typing, can lead to better conceptual understanding of material.

"There's actually some very important things going on during the embodied experience of writing by hand," says Ramesh Balasubramaniam, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Merced. "It has important cognitive benefits."

While those benefits have long been recognized by some (for instance, many authors, including Jennifer Egan and Neil Gaiman, draft their stories by hand to stoke creativity), scientists have only recently started investigating why writing by hand has these effects.

A slew of recent brain imaging research suggests handwriting's power stems from the relative complexity of the process and how it forces different brain systems to work together to reproduce the shapes of letters in our heads onto the page.

Your brain on handwriting

Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page. But handwriting, it turns out, requires a lot more fine-tuned coordination between the motor and visual systems. This seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning.

"Handwriting is probably among the most complex motor skills that the brain is capable of," says Marieke Longcamp, a cognitive neuroscientist at Aix-Marseille Université.

Gripping a pen nimbly enough to write is a complicated task, as it requires your brain to continuously monitor the pressure that each finger exerts on the pen. Then, your motor system has to delicately modify that pressure to re-create each letter of the words in your head on the page.

"Your fingers have to each do something different to produce a recognizable letter," says Sophia Vinci-Booher, an educational neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it's formed. With each stroke, your brain compares the unfolding script with mental models of the letters and words, making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters' shapes, says Vinci-Booher.

That's not true for typing.

To type "tap" your fingers don't have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make three relatively simple and uniform movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type.

Recent brain imaging studies bolster this idea. A study published in January found that when students write by hand, brain areas involved in motor and visual information processing "sync up" with areas crucial to memory formation, firing at frequencies associated with learning.

"We don't see that [synchronized activity] in typewriting at all," says Audrey van der Meer, a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She suggests that writing by hand is a neurobiologically richer process and that this richness may confer some cognitive benefits.

Other experts agree. "There seems to be something fundamental about engaging your body to produce these shapes," says Robert Wiley, a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "It lets you make associations between your body and what you're seeing and hearing," he says, which might give the mind more footholds for accessing a given concept or idea.

Those extra footholds are especially important for learning in kids, but they may give adults a leg up too. Wiley and others worry that ditching handwriting for typing could have serious consequences for how we all learn and think.

What might be lost as handwriting wanes

The clearest consequence of screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might be on kids' ability to learn the building blocks of literacy — letters.

"Letter recognition in early childhood is actually one of the best predictors of later reading and math attainment," says Vinci-Booher. Her work suggests the process of learning to write letters by hand is crucial for learning to read them.

"When kids write letters, they're just messy," she says. As kids practice writing "A," each iteration is different, and that variability helps solidify their conceptual understanding of the letter.

Research suggests kids learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with uniform typed examples.

This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in older children and adults, Vinci-Booher found.

"This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes," she says. "These visually demanding, fine motor actions bake in neural communication patterns that are really important for learning later on."

Ditching handwriting instruction could mean that those skills don't get developed as well, which could impair kids' ability to learn down the road.

"If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation, then their brains simply won't reach their full potential," says van der Meer. "It's scary to think of the potential consequences."

Many states are trying to avoid these risks by mandating cursive instruction. This year, California started requiring elementary school students to learn cursive, and similar bills are moving through state legislatures in several states, including Indiana, Kentucky, South Carolina and Wisconsin. (So far, evidence suggests that it's the writing by hand that matters, not whether it's print or cursive.)

Slowing down and processing information

For adults, one of the main benefits of writing by hand is that it simply forces us to slow down.

During a meeting or lecture, it's possible to type what you're hearing verbatim. But often, "you're not actually processing that information — you're just typing in the blind," says van der Meer. "If you take notes by hand, you can't write everything down," she says.

The relative slowness of the medium forces you to process the information, writing key words or phrases and using drawing or arrows to work through ideas, she says. "You make the information your own," she says, which helps it stick in the brain.

Such connections and integration are still possible when typing, but they need to be made more intentionally. And sometimes, efficiency wins out. "When you're writing a long essay, it's obviously much more practical to use a keyboard," says van der Meer.

Still, given our long history of using our hands to mark meaning in the world, some scientists worry about the more diffuse consequences of offloading our thinking to computers.

"We're foisting a lot of our knowledge, extending our cognition, to other devices, so it's only natural that we've started using these other agents to do our writing for us," says Balasubramaniam.

It's possible that this might free up our minds to do other kinds of hard thinking, he says. Or we might be sacrificing a fundamental process that's crucial for the kinds of immersive cognitive experiences that enable us to learn and think at our full potential.

Balasubramaniam stresses, however, that we don't have to ditch digital tools to harness the power of handwriting. So far, research suggests that scribbling with a stylus on a screen activates the same brain pathways as etching ink on paper. It's the movement that counts, he says, not its final form.

Vocabulary

laborious : (especially of a task, process, or journey) requiring considerable effort and time, 힘드는, 공들인

relic : an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest, 유물, 자취, 고풍스런 것

longhand : ordinary handwriting (as opposed to shorthand, typing, or printing), 손으로 쓰기

come at : launch oneself at someone to attack them, 도착하다, 파악하다, 공격하다

a slew of : 많은

nimbly : 재빠르게

exert : apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality), 권력이나 영향력을 가하다, 노력하다

confer : grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right), have discussions; exchange opinions, 수여하다, 강화하다

foothold : a place where a person's foot can be lodged to support them securely, especially while climbing, 터전, 발판

wane : the amount by which a plank or log is beveled or falls short of a squared shape, 쇠퇴, 감퇴

attainment : the action or fact of achieving a goal toward which one has worked, 달성, 획득

iteration : the repetition of a process or utterance, 되풀이, 반복

variable : 변하기 쉬운

down the road : 장래에

verbatim : 정확히 말 그대로

diffuse : 확산한, 흩어진, 산만한

foist : impose an unwelcome or unnecessary person or thing on, 억지로 떠 맡기다, 부당하게 삽입하다

The Old Man and The Sea 9

indosun — Wed, 29 May 2024 03:56:43 +0900

nauseate : 역겹게하다, 메스껍게 하다

rig : 설치하다

brace : 버팅기다, (몸에) 단단히 힘을 주다, 보강하다

porpoise : 알락돌고래

calloused : 굳은 살이 박힌

cede : 양도하다

rut : 판에 박힌 생활

stoop : 몸을 굽히다

commence : 시작하다

people vs. peoples vs. persons

indosun — Wed, 22 May 2024 05:58:09 +0900

"people"

plural noun of person

group of individuals, human beings, nation or ethnic group

ex) One person is waiting in line.

ex) Two people are having lunch.

ex) The poeple of the United States have elected a new president.

ex) They are a great people.

사람들.

국가나 민족, 인종, 종교그룹 등등을 나타낼때도 있다.

"peoples"

plural noun of people

distinct groups of individuals

and cultural or ethnic identities

ex) The French are a proud people.

ex) The peoples of the world speak many languages.

ex) We learned about the native poeples of Canada.

ex) Customs like this one are shared by many peoples of the world.

다수의 국가, 민족, 종교, 인종을 일컬을때 쓴다.

"persons"

plural noun

multiple individuals

less commonly used

used in formal and legal or technical contexts

ex) Two persons were involved in the accident.

ex) Each persons engaging in unlawful violence is quilty of riot.

ex) Any person or persons found in possession of illegal substances shall be prosecuted.

사람의 복수. 개인의 뜻이 강할 때 쓴다.

일반 대화에서 보다 공식적인 법적 용어에서 볼 수 있다.

법의 적용에 있어서 단체나 여러 사람이 같은 법을 적용 받지 않기 때문에 개인적으로 법의 적용을 받기 때문에 persons라는 복수를 사용한다.

Q1. The indigenous ____________ of this region have a rich cultural heritage.

Q2. The police officer asked for the identification of all ___________ involved in the incident.

Q3. There were so many ____________ at the concert last night.

answers : peoples / persons / people

https://youtu.be/RwMP8jExRIo?si=fWMJl1e6gZxLhOEu

5/21/24(Tue) Power expected to be restored for most affected by deadly Houston storm (Voa)

indosun — Wed, 22 May 2024 05:35:01 +0900

https://www.voanews.com/a/power-expected-to-be-restored-for-most-affected-by-deadly-houston-storm/7618507.html

Power expected to be restored for most affected by deadly Houston storm

More than 353,000 homes and businesses in Texas remained without electricity Sunday morning, with most of those in the Houston area

www.voanews.com

HOUSTON, TEXAS —
Houston area residents affected by deadly storms last week received some good news as officials said power had been restored Sunday to a majority of the hundreds of thousands who had been left in the dark and without air conditioning amid hot and humid weather.

The widespread destruction of Thursday's storms left at least seven dead and brought much of Houston to a standstill. Thunderstorms and hurricane-force winds tore through the city, reducing businesses and other structures to piles of debris, uprooting trees and shattering glass from downtown skyscrapers. A tornado also touched down near the northwest Houston suburb of Cypress.

By Sunday evening, 88% of customers in the Houston area had their power restored, said Paul Lock, a spokesperson for CenterPoint Energy.

"We expect everyone to be back on by end of business Wednesday," Lock said.

More than 289,000 homes and businesses in Texas remained without electricity Sunday evening, mostly in the Houston area. More than 3,900 customers remained without power in Louisiana, which had also been hit by strong winds and a suspected tornado.

CenterPoint Energy said 2,000 employees and more than 5,000 contractors were working in the Houston area to restore power.

"We understand the higher temperatures we are experiencing across Houston and surrounding communities make getting the lights and air conditioning back on even more important," Lynnae Wilson, CenterPoint's senior vice president of electric business, said in a statement.

At one of five cooling centers for people still without power in their homes, residents took shelter from the heat at a community center in the Cloverleaf neighborhood and wondered when their power would come back.

Carolina Sierra and her 6-year-old son, Derek, enjoyed the air conditioning for a couple of hours Sunday. She said they have been without electricity since the storm hit Thursday, and their home has been stifling.

Derek passed the time coloring a picture of a dragon while his mother charged her cellphone and a portable lamp they planned to use Sunday night if the power was still not restored. Sierra said she gives her son multiple baths to try to keep him cool but he tosses and turns at night and struggles to sleep.

"We are desperate," Sierra said. "We hardly sleep at night because of the heat."

Harris County Commissioner Adrian Garcia stood outside the center Sunday, helping load water and ice onto vehicles while offering words of encouragement to residents still waiting for power to be restored.

"We are seeing a bit of the recovery come through," Garcia said. "But we can't see enough of it fast enough."

Disaster assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and loans from the Small Business Administration were on the way, said Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo, the top elected official in the county where Houston is located. The federal assistance, which can help pay for temporary housing and repairs, will help residents affected by last week's storms as well as by flooding from heavy rainfall in late April and early May in parts of Houston, Harris County and several counties north of Houston.

Mayor John Whitmire said a six-block area in downtown Houston would be closed Monday to allow crews to continue repairs after various high-rise buildings had their windows blown out.

Residents broke into cheers as lights and air conditioning kicked on at the eight-story Houston Heights Tower, a senior housing facility, Sunday morning. The nearly 200 residents had been living on emergency power since Thursday evening, with generators providing enough electricity to run just one of the building's elevators and a handful of fans in the community room, leaving apartments in darkness.

Volunteers and city workers had been ensuring residents received a steady supply of water, food and essentials like toilet paper.

"It just goes to show you how people come together," resident Joseph Torregrossa said, choking back tears.

The National Weather Service said in a post on the social platform X that residents should expect "sunny, hot and increasingly humid days" in the Houston area. Highs of about 32 Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit) were expected this week, with heat indexes likely approaching 39 Celsius (102 F) by midweek.

With the temperature at 33 Celsius Sunday afternoon, Lisa Reed sat in a folding chair outside her home in the Cloverleaf neighborhood because she was still without electricity. A volunteer crew had just cut up a large tree in her front yard that had come crashing down on two vehicles in her driveway and stacked the wood neatly in two large piles.

Reed said no home on her street — where branches and other debris were piled along the sidewalk — escaped damage from last week's storms.

"It's nothing I can do," said Reed, a fifth-grade teacher. "Take it all in stride. I'm a firm believer that God will work it all out."

Houston area school districts canceled classes for more than 400,000 students Friday. The Houston Independent School District, the state's largest, said 215 of its 274 campuses would be open Monday. Two other large school districts in the Houston area — Cypress-Fairbanks and Spring Branch — planned to be closed.

Vocabulary

standstill : a situation or condition in which there is no movement or activity at all, 정지, 정지된

stifle : make (someone) unable to breathe properly; suffocate, 숨막히게 하다, 불이나 소음 등을 끄다, 가라앉히다

take something in (one's) stride : 냉정하게 뚫고 나가다, 해 내다.

5/20/24(Mon) A U.S. doctor in Gaza wants President Biden to know 'we are not safe' (npr audio)

indosun — Tue, 21 May 2024 04:18:20 +0900

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1252324720

A U.S. doctor in Gaza wants President Biden to know 'we are not safe'

Dr. Adam Hamawy is a former U.S. Army combat surgeon currently in Gaza. He said he's treating primarily civilians, rather than combatants: "mostly children, many women, many elderly."

www.npr.org

DANIELLE KURTZLEBEN, HOST:

We begin tonight's program in Gaza, where, despite aid trucks now coming ashore from a floating pier, the humanitarian situation remains dire. One area where that's especially true is medical care. Supplies are low, and doctors are scarce. Adam Hamawy is an experienced combat surgeon and U.S. Army veteran who is currently in Gaza.

He refused an evacuation when he realized he would have to leave colleagues behind. In a statement released today, he had strong words for U.S. leadership. Quote - "I want our president to know that we are not safe." He added, "as a doctor, I cannot abandon the remaining members of my team, and as a former soldier, I cannot abandon my fellow Americans."

We reached Dr. Hamawy earlier today via WhatsApp. Doctor, welcome.

ADAM HAMAWY: Thank you very much for having me.

KURTZLEBEN: Of course. I'm hearing some background noise there. Tell us where you are right now.

HAMAWY: I am right across the street from the European hospital. There's a nursing college here, and this is where most of the doctors and staff stay when, you know, their families are elsewhere, just so that they could be close to the hospital and not have to travel at night.

KURTZLEBEN: I do want to talk more about this statement that you made. It's really powerful. And in it, you call on President Biden and other world leaders to, quote, "use their full influence to ensure medical personnel can continue their critical work without being put in harm's way," end quote. Now, we know that Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Biden aren't always in agreement on Gaza. So to you, what does a change in policy here look like? What would that help look like?

HAMAWY: It's basically abiding with our international agreements that have been in place for a long time. There are no - there's no one that argues that - you know, there's the Geneva Convention. There's like, the rules of war where like, once you have medical personnel involved, any combatant who's injured, anyone who's providing medical care should be allowed to do that safely.

And that's something that we have tried to honor in the past. That's something that we try to enforce on others when they don't do it. So this should not be the exception. Here we have doctors that have been consistently been targeted. We have hospitals that have been consistently been targeted.

The mood here in the hospital, especially since many of the Americans have left, is that there's a sense of fear now because there's a risk that is not unprecedented that this hospital is going to be next. And already since the last two days, there have been people leaving. There's less patients coming, and there's plans to move operations to other locations in the near future, especially when the remaining humanitarian workers like myself leave the hospital at some point.

KURTZLEBEN: Yeah. I did want to ask you about the mood in the hospital among the patients you're treating, their families. How much hope or, on the other hand, fear are you hearing from them?

HAMAWY: Everyone is asking us. Everyone is asking, are you leaving? Are you leaving also? Everyone's asking about the ones who left by name. Like, when I tell them that, yes, they did leave, and we're still here with you, they just go silent because everyone knows that this is not going to be a long-term thing.

And everyone understands that there's a limit and this won't go on forever. So they don't have to say anything. You could just see it in their eyes. And you could feel it. I mean, the halls are much emptier now than when I first came, and, you know, a little bit more empty now than it was two days ago.

KURTZLEBEN: Now, to put this in the context of the broader conflict, Israel says they're pursuing targeted operations in Rafah and southern Gaza, and there's continued fighting in northern and central Gaza to prevent Hamas from regrouping. Now, given all that, there are those who argue that, yes, things in Gaza are bad, but that this is about combating a deeply entrenched terrorist group. I'm wondering, what do you say to that argument?

HAMAWY: I - you know, I'm not in the military command. I know that - what fighting is like. I was in Iraq when Fallujah happened, and I know that was a very tough battle. And I took care of many of the casualties that came from there. I do know that we have the technology to target specific buildings and things like that.

I've been to Khan Yunis, and there's nothing left. There's no targeting involved other - I mean, the target was a city, and the city is destroyed. There was no individual buildings. It's blocks and blocks that are flattened. So you know, it's a war. I don't want to get into the politics of all this, but even war has rules.

KURTZLEBEN: Now, you ended your statement with some really personal words. You wrote, to my wife, daughters and son, I know it hurts that I am not coming home this weekend, and I am sorry. Have you been able to talk to your family?

HAMAWY: Yes, I have been able to call every few days. I know that they are very worried. I'm trying to tell them that I'm probably the safest place there is in Gaza, that I am trying to get home. I just need to also do the right things.

And we came in as a team, and it's not fair for me to leave just because I'm an American when a lot of the team members that came with us came in because they were with Americans. And if all of us leave them behind, that's not going to reflect well on myself or on our country, and it's really the right thing for us to do.

KURTZLEBEN: Well, that's Dr. Adam Hamawy, a surgeon and U.S. Army veteran who is currently in Gaza. Doctor, thank you, and please stay safe.

HAMAWY: Thank you very much.

Vocabulary

abide : be able to tolerate (someone or something), 남다, 머무르다

entrench : 둘레에 참호를 파다

5/17/24(Fri) Students Learn AI to Prepare for Hospitality Careers (voa audio)

indosun — Tue, 21 May 2024 04:12:11 +0900

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/students-learn-ai-to-prepare-for-hospitality-careers/7604858.html

Students Learn AI to Prepare for Hospitality Careers

Some students and professors are discussing how AI can be used in the hospitality and event planning business.

learningenglish.voanews.com

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is making its way into many parts of our lives. It can choose a coffee blend, or clothing and even check fields of tulips for sick flowers.

So it makes sense that AI is being used in the study of hospitality, says University of Florida professor Rachel J.C. Fu. Hospitality is a term to describe businesses like hotels, restaurants, tourism and event planning.

Fu said some of the newest tools permit students to practice real-life situations they might find while working at a hotel, a restaurant or an event. And Chris Anderson, a business professor at Cornell University, says AI tools are already helping hotels with marketing and dealing with customers.

Get experience with AI as soon as possible

Fu’s recent book Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Robot Applications in Hospitality Businesses looks at the future of hospitality in the time of artificial intelligence. Fu says business students should be familiar with AI programming tools if they want a career in hotel or restaurant management.

Fu told VOA you can already see AI and robots being used in the hospitality business “quite a lot.” For example, airlines use AI to deal with customer service and airports use AI to manage cleaning work.

AI can also be used to help sales.

Fu said a robot followed her during a 2015 visit to a museum in her hometown in Taiwan. At the end of her visit, the robot told her about things that she could purchase at the gift shop. It also told her about other parts of the museum she might like to visit.
The use of robots increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. They can do jobs that people who are worried about getting sick do not want. One example, Fu noted, is that robots are starting to be used to deliver food from hotel kitchens to people staying in a room.

“All you need to do is use your iPhone to scan and pick up your food,” she said.

AI is already working where you can’t see it

Anderson is a professor at the SC Johnson College of Business at Cornell. He centers his work on helping hospitality businesses such as hotels and rental car companies choose the right prices for their rooms and cars.

He said most hotels already permit guests to use an app to check-in and enter their rooms. At some point, airline passengers may be able to check in and board their plane with facial recognition.

Although the technology seems complex, Anderson said the most important skill for a student is “a desire to learn.” In an email to VOA Learning English, he added, “People in these roles need to be flexible, take on new projects and learn new skills.”

AI experience separates job candidates

Anderson said students in technology or data study programs should consider working for hospitality companies. “Digital marketing, distribution, and revenue management are very data and technology rich,” he said. And large hospitality businesses need those skills.

Fu added that when it comes to making hiring decisions, if a manager is considering two qualified candidates, but one has experience with AI, “that person will be really valuable to the company.”
"Human beings can only be replaced by another human being when that person knows how to utilize AI."

Fu said one of the most important jobs in hospitality is called “front of the house.” That is the person who connects with customers when they arrive at a hotel or restaurant.

Now, however, robots will be doing some of that work. But, she noted, humans should not be worried about losing their jobs to robots, because humans can use their creativity to “move the industry and visitors’ experiences to the next level.”

Eventually, artificial intelligence will be used to help a hotel or restaurant greet a visitor. If they permit their data to be shared, a hotel might know the visitor’s favorite meal or drink and have it ready when they arrive.

Business and marketing students still ‘naïve’

Carlie Malone recently finished her studies in hospitality management at the University of Arkansas. She is now planning to study for an advanced degree in event management at New York University.

For her final research paper, Malone talked with nine top hotel business managers about AI. Malone said most businesses use AI in ways customers cannot see, such as looking at spreadsheets and making business plan suggestions.

She said the topic of AI came up in her classes, but not many students seemed to be interested in it.

"From what I could tell from my other classmates, honestly, if there were 25 kids in my class, only probably four of us are talking about AI, compared to the rest. A lot of people are still naive to the topic. I guess is the best way to put it.”

At the University of Florida, there is an Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics program for hospitality and event management. It requires students to take three classes covering the use of artificial intelligence and data collection in tourism and hospitality.

Other universities have similar classes, and there are even short-term studies for those already working in hospitality.

At Cornell, Anderson teaches a class that takes one weekend. It is aimed at those who already working in the hospitality business and helps them see how AI can be used to make their jobs easier.

Wide open future

Anderson notes that large hotel groups are only just beginning to use AI, so “there are lots of opportunities as firms look to not get too far behind, too early.”

Both Fu and Anderson say this provides an opportunity for international students in the U.S. to gain experience with hospitality companies during work programs or optional practical training.
“This is a global business,” Fu said, noting that companies like Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt have hotels around the world.

Anderson suggested some young people can even gain experience at an international hotel in their home country and “develop brand and industry-specific knowledge and use that to transition to the U.S.”

I’m Dan Friedell. And I'm Caty Weaver.

Vocabulary

be used to V : ~하는데 이용된다
be used to N, ing : 익숙하다